perranporth railway walk

Roy Hart has mentioned certain 'constructional difficulties' on the section near Goonhavern. Courtesy Mrs Bob Blackman. A relatively recent picture of the only remaining bridge at Goonhavern. 1st November 2014 Copyright Peter Bragg. The signalbox nameboards have thankfully survived. Drink in the view stretching north to Ligger Point; these sands are one of Europes premier surfing beaches. Copyright Goonhavern Old Cornwall Society courtesy the Recorder Derek Brooks. Follow this circular walking route with a plotted OS map that starts and finishes in Perranporth in Cornwall. 2012 Copyright Stuart Walker. 6th September 2015. If you'd like to purchase several in one go, you can email contact@iwalkcornwall.co.uk. Copyright Keith Jenkin. 23rd August 1964. Part of a ground disc is trapped in the wreckage. St Agnes station a view taken by Sid Sponheimer. A last look at the bridge- the course of the branch to the right, onwards towards Mithian has completely disappeared. Courtesy David Higgins. This photograph shows Perranporth Station, with the sand dunes in the background. Neil Coates is a Manchester-based writer with nearly 40 walking/guidebooks published. The tail end of a recovery train is seen as it heads towards Mount Hawke and Chacewater. West Junction box taken out of use 18th September 1924,and the North Junction Box taken out of use 9th November 1924 when the Newquay branch was extended to Chacewater as a third set of metals. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. Walk uphill from the beach and turn right at the Driftwood Spars Pub and continue into St Agnes keep going uphill following signs for the Beacon until you cant get any higher. First Kernow 87 right outside the station and takes about half an hour. 4th February 1973 Copyright Roger Winnen, Perranporth The cutting to the north of Liskey Road Bridge curving towards Perranporth station which was behind the photographer. Footpaths crossing the trackbed of the old Perranporth railway lead back to Station Road to complete the circular . Looking from the west side of the bridge at Blackwater - the village lies beyond the arch. We are most grateful for the use of this photograph taken by David Bastion who holds the copyright. Proceed to your basket to complete your purchase. The view from the narrow road bridge across the line at the north end of the station. The Plymouth Railway Circle Cornwall Mineral lines Railtour near Goonhavern on Saturday 28th April 1962. Copyright, For a journey of less than half a mile, but it was 1st class. Copyright J. Walk through the town, left at the mini roundabout, follow the road and after the road entrance to the beach take the footpath up the hill towards the golf course. From Derek Brooks. Copyright Mr David Pearce. The former Newquay to Chacewater railway between Newquay and Perranporth is due for a new lease of life as a rail trail thanks to a Cornwall Council project to create four new walking and cycling routes under the name 'The Saints Trails'. Goonhavern Halt in 1957. Copyright, The south side of the shed detail of where the hoist was sited. Shunter Number 3 was it 'glorious name'. It hosts some of Cornwall's most popular and spectacular beaches, where the miles of golden sand, huge surf and sand dunes, jam-packed with wildlife, all combine to make a pretty impressive location that helped to inspire Winston Graham's Poldark novels. Copyright Keith Jenkin, St Agnes signalbox, goods shed and station. In this view alongside the station one can see the B3277 dipping down to pass under the line and then climbing towards Chyverton. Pick up the waymarked coastal footpath along the lane. 23rd August 1964. Also the area to the right of the running line was a siding used for the delivery of pit props until 1919 - it had only recently been lifter when this photograph as taken. Perranwell Road Iron Railway Bridge Circa 1998 Copyright Derek Brooks Goonhavern OCS. Historical landmark in Rose, Cornwall, England. Many thanks to Mrs. Blackman and to Mr, Derek Brooks of the Goonhavern Old Cornwall Society for allowing us to use her relatively modern pictures - one wonders what remains of the bridge underneath this piece of road. Perranporth was the main station in the parish but smaller halts existed at Mithian, Perranporth Beach and Goonhavern. Network Rail remains responsible for this structure. Each time there is a new direction to follow, the app will beep to remind you, and will warn you if you go off-route. Then either use it to scan the code at the top-right of the page to locate this walk or search for the walk title in Walks Shop > Search All Walks. Although note a few wagons can be seen being stored. Knocking down the bridge at Blackwater - a press cutting kept by the web masters father. Extensive information about the history and wildlife along the route is included which automatically adapts what's in season at the time of year when you are walking. Back in the 19th century, Perranporth was a typical Cornish tin mining village, albeit overlooking a huge expanse of sandy beach. Copyright. Some mining activity survived until the 1940s, but the eerie site offers views out to lonely Bawden Rocks. Here Sid Sponheimer has caught the wreckers at work as a fine bridge and floral display is reduced to nothing!! Read about our approach to external linking. Trewerry and Trerice Halt taken from a Truro bound train in August 1963. Note the ladies in their long dresses. Follow BBC News South West on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram. This is Church Hill on the A3075 road. The triangular junction here was all in double track. Copyright Mike Roach, Wheal Liberty Viaduct repairs . damage to the station wall has only recently been covered. This picture dated 1st April 1961 Copyright Colin Retallick. This picture courtesy of Mrs Maureen Glanville. Over the Cliffs to Perranporth. In their original location. We keep the directions continually updated for changes to the paths/landmarks - the price for a walk includes ongoing free updates. Most populous nation: Should India rejoice or panic? The bridge over the B3277. Whilst the metals of the loop and main line are well polished it doesn't look as if the Treamble branch off to the right has seen much use. Copyright Laurence Hansford. To the left can be see the top of the bridge parapets of the bridge over the former A30. Not only the Chacewater - Newquay line but also the S & D. The section stipulated for 'Loading Materials' includes Trewerry and Trerice Halt. 2. 23rd August 1964. 23rd August 1964. Operated by Go Cornwall Bus, the Perranporth to Newquay, Bus Station service departs from Perranporth, Fire Station and arrives in Newquay, Bus Station. One can see that the bar below the figure is also broken. Perranporth signalbox nameplate - given to the late Charles Fennamore. The gentleman on the right doesn't look too happy about his trip to Newquay. Copyright the Late Patrick English collection, Looking from the Newquay direction now the desolation of the site is there or all to see. On winter weekends and public holidays a Japanese-style carriage decorated in tatami serves the line, accentuating the relaxing . N.B. Re: Perranporth Railway Station. What would the H & S E think of this these days? Note the otherwise empty track bed with track panels stacked beyond the signal box. A '55' calls at Shepherds with a service for Truro. A circular walk from St Newlyn East through the woods of the Lappa Valley where the Steam Railway now encompasses what was one of the most famous mines in Cornwall during Victorian times and the riverbeds are still stained red. Otherwise and at high tide, cross the bridge and take the path up the other side of the valley past the mine workings, drop down into Trevaunance cove. Copyright, Another Mike Roach picture taken from a lower level. A very similar but wider view of the picture above of Goonhavern. 2023 BBC. Note the ominous sight of the demolition crane in the yard. Copyright. As well as tracking your progress through the written directions, it also includes a map showing where you are at all times and warns you if you go off route. Copyright Keith Jenkin, Tolcarn Junction from a Chacewater train bearing right. Get directions. Go straight forward to find a route to the beach return via the beach, or over the cliffs at Penhale at ow tide. Detail of markings on Perranwell viaduct. Screen shot of location from OS 25 inch Map. either as a GPS-guided walk with our app (2.99) or a PDF of directions (2.49), . Sharkfin Media - Web Design Cornwall. From there there may well be a bus service but in your situation assuming you can afford . Whatever there is remaining carries the A3075 main road. From the Alan Harris Collection. . 6th September 2015. Just a 10 minute walk from the beach, this four-bedroom house in the coastal village of Bolingey was originally a station house for the former railway line to Perranporth . Footpaths crossing the trackbed of the old Perranporth railway lead back to Station Road to complete the circular route. When you meet the main road turn aright and first left to join the very far end of Perrancoombe, drop down into the valley and follow the road back to the house. The walk is available in the iWalk Cornwall app for Apple and Android. The tourism industry gained momentum with this important transport link, which continued until the Beeching Cuts in the early 1960s. Copyright Ed Hooper. 23rd August 1964. Download the iWalk Cornwall app and use the QR scanner within the app to find out more about any of the walks above. The app will direct you to the start of the walk via satnav. A circular countryside walk past the nature reserve at Ventongimps and the engine house of West Chyverton mine, with refreshment opportunities at both Callestick Farm, where you can see the ice cream being made, and Healey's Cyder Farm who offer tours and tasting. The results of the cutting dig must have been used to provide the approaches to the bridge in the foreground. The app counts down distance to the next direction and estimates time remaining based on your personal walking speed. The income from the sea front car park meets the day to day expenses of maintaining our walks, gardens, lake and the beach car park toilets. They say that by 'Tre, Pol and Pen' ye shall now the Cornishmen. The Perranporth trail was originally planned to extend to Newquay. Trevemper sign 2020. This picture of Shepherds & staff in the early 1900's kindly provided by Derek Brooks, Recorder of the Goonhavern & District Old Cornwall Society. For some strange reason this signal was the last to be felled. The route follows the stream up the valley alongside the ochre-stained riverbed and past East Wheal Rose and the edge of Newlyn Downs to reach the source of the stream on Penhallow Moor. 30th October 2014 Copyright Peter Bragg. The line continued in a more or less straight line but bearing slightly right to enter a cutting in which Goonbell Halt was situated about 1,400 yards distant. Copyright David Pearce, Cocks Hill Railway Bridge Circa 1963 Copyright Derek Brooks, Cocks Hill Bridge in 2015. Note the large 'H' TV aerial and the milk float with its glass one pint bottles. Copyright Keith Jenkin. Copyright the late Patrick English collection, Happy days, time for a chat - two trains cross at Perranporth. 21st February 1964. Perranporth Signalbox - from the late Patrick English collection Copyright, After closure to rail traffic coal for domestic use was still delivered to the site for bagging and deliveries. The route runs for about 3 miles following the Saints Trail east along the dismantled track. Copyright Mike Roach, A delightful view of the Trewerry & Trerice Gate Keepers Cottage 3rd May 1974 Copyright Roger Winnen, Trewerry Crossing Ground Frame sign from Dave Hibberd's collection - this picture received 2nd December 2015. Perranporth Railway Walk Ordnance Survey Map, Perranporth Railway Walk Open Street Map. Copyright Laurence Hansford. In the dark of the old loading bay, a solitary, enterprising ash has made a bid for the speck of light in the roof. Today it is one of the most popular resorts on the Atlantic Coast with few obvious signs of its industrial heritage.Perranporth is without doubt home to one of the finest surfing and family beaches in Cornwall, attracting surfers, sunbathers and sand yachters. It is more than a mile from the junction at Shepherds 13th August 2016 Copyright Colin Burges, Treamble Terminus Colin Burges The sort of oddity that I snap. This photograph shows PerranporthRead the full article. Although preparatory work was done before hand, removing the overburden of the embankment , the actual demolition took place on a Sunday and this vital artery - the A30 was closed for the day. 1 Beach Halt. Wood Collection. A 1902 photograph from the Alan Harris Collection.The very interesting thing in this picture it that it was taken during the very early days of constriction, the track is temporary, the awning is under construction, the road bridge in the background is also nowhere near complete. Copyright Peter Bragg. Then either use it to scan the code at the top-right of the page to locate this walk or search for the walk title in Walks Shop > Search All Walks, What to take on a walking holiday to Cornwall, Broadleaf woodland in the Lappa Valley with bluebells in spring, Remnants of a once-thriving industrial heritage now recolonised by nature. Many thanks to detective work by Neil Phillips we now know that the loco is D6324. Cornwall. Copyright. From the Goonhavern Old Cornwall Society collection courtesy Derek Brooks Recorder. To our right lies the cattle dock which also held the camping coach for some summers. The red cliffs are rich in iron and arsenic, the green is copper. Copyright Keith Jenkin, Outside the station beside the B3277 lies this ex Devonport shunter - one can only hope there is a future for it. This way brings you to the unfathomable remains capping Cligga Head. This milepost pictured by David Pearce was found half a mile east of Perranporth. Copyright. route and its successor, the Chacewater to Newquay branch, passed under the road a little way up the hill behind me. Take the South West Coastal Path back to Trevaunance Cove passing Wheal Coates. either as a GPS-guided walk with our app (2.99) or a PDF of directions (2.49) example of directions. St Agnes - a scrap train approaches from the Perranporth direction. The museum recalls the effect of Dr Beechings railway axe with photographs of the last train leaving from Perranporth station. 1st November 2014. Copyright Roger Winnen. Peter Bragg went back for a second look at the Goods shed on the 1st November 2014. A dual carriageway, the Blackwater by-pass, has removed all of the embankments beyond the main line, which is in the immediate foreground, for some distance. A circular walk from Holywell Bay along the rugged coastline to Perran Beach and across the dunes to the mediaeval relics of St Piran's Oratory, Church and Cross, returning via the Penhale Sands nature reserve which is carpeted in cowslips during spring. Goonhavern Railway Iron Bridge. Copyright Roger Winnen. 23rd August 1964. From the collection of Mike Roach, The fine detail can still be seen here in the bridge at Scotland Farm. Derek Brooks Collection 4. Slates have gone from the roof and a gentleman is making off with some useful looking timber. The shed the contractors shunter rests - its work done. A historic church lost in the sands. 12th March 2017. In 1906 the line was extended to form a continuous link to Newquay. Station name boards were removed during war years and passengers had to rely on the guard to shout out where the train was. This picture dated May 2015. Turn right out of the house and walk up the coombe. Note the polished metals. Oct 2006 Picture from Derek Brooks of the Goonhavern Old Cornwall Society, Shepherds to Goonhavern was just over three miles. Over the fence to the right during WW2 an American tented camp lay. Trevemper Siding. Jenkin, Perranporth Beach Halt viewed 21 Feb 1964. The first part of the Perranporth to Goonhavern trail opened in November 2022. CORNWALL RAILWAY SOCIETY GENERAL INFORMATION CONTACTS & WEBMASTERS MEMBERSHIP FORM ETC. Copyright K. Jenkin. 1. Shortly after I caught sight of what was happening at the Station and managed another back window shot, but that was all at least for the time being. Zelah 16th May 1985 Copyright Alan Harris, The planet at Lanteague 16th May 1985 Copyright Alan Harris, Lanteague 16th May 1985. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Copyright, Perranwell Viaduct on the Chacewater - Newquay branch between Perranporth and Goonhavern taken on 2nd March 1974. The journey time between Perranporth and Newquay, Bus Station is around 36 min and covers a distance of around 9 miles. Definitely Truro. This is GPS-guided so you can enjoy the walk without worrying about keeping track of directions. The Charity (in its present form since 1937) has lands which extend from the 'Railway Walk' along the former embankment in Perrancoombe and run alongside the stream from the Bowling Green, Boating Lake, Clock Garden, Prom Garden and sea front car park to the Promenade. This is a splendid example of the massive timber work necessary to form the arches of the viaduct.. When you meet the road turn left and then immediately right onto Bolingey Road. OK. With miles of stunning Walks near Perranporth we have listed 5 of the very best Walks Perranporth has to offer. A circular walk past the remains of Alfred Nobel's dynamite works to the red-and-yellow ore-rich cliffs above the wreck of the treasure ship Hanover, returning, via the spitfire base, along Perran Coombe where a 2 mile leat once carried water to power a massive waterwheel in a chamber within the cliffs. Goonhavern Halt Courtesy David Pearce Copyright. Demolition of the Newquay branch was already in progress, lifting started from Tolcarne Junction and worked back towards Chacewater. To bypass the closed path, stay on the lane at direction 11 and turn left at the junction to reach the stile at direction 16 and rejoin the route here. One wonders if it was on this occasion the the signs from the Halt and Level Crossing were recovered? This picture courtesy of the Goonhavern Old Cornwall Society. The infilling of the cutting at Bridge Road, Goonhavern in 1980 Courtesy Mr David Pearce. 12th March 2017 Copyright Ian Harvey. 3 miles (5 km) This walk from Perranporth takes you to Goonhavern along the old Truro and Newquay railway line. The footbridge across the river at direction 12 is in the process of being replaced. It will be noted that the junction is double tracked on all three face and the Newquay branch is double track as it crosses the A30 and therefore the bridge was quite a substantial structure. Copyright Mr Ed. Looking towards the south and the bridge over the B3277 piles of track await collection. Turn left, pass under the railway bridge and then turn left following the path down past the Fire Station and into Perranporth. Operated by Go Cornwall Bus, the Perranporth to Newquay Station service departs from Perranporth, Fire Station and arrives in Newquay Station. A lovely shot of Goonhavern Halt in the 1920's with enameled advertising plates. The project has been funded by Cornwall Council, National Highways and the European Regional Development Fund. A new section of trail for walkers, cyclists and horse riders has opened in Cornwall. The Chacewater to Newquay line was always referred to by railway staff as the Perranporth branch. Liiskey Road bridge in in the distance. Follow the path through to the road in Trevellas. Here is a view of the south side from the road. 23rd August 1964. The Gardener's Room, Boscawen Rd, Perranporth, Cornwall TR6 0EP, Website designed and developed by Design UNLTD. This stunning walk will take you along the coastal path around, The woods at Idless are run by the Forestry Commission and, It is best to park in the area around The Great, Courtesy of iwalkcornwall, this walk follows the Cornish coastal path past, A walk of just over three and a half miles, brought, Why not suggest a new location for the map. Copyright Laurence Hansford. It used to be by 'AF' 'CV' and 'RL' ye shall know the Cornish cars, but sadly no longer!! 4th February 2017 Copyright Keith Jenkin, The 00-gauge model of St Agnes Station in the 1950s, built by Mike Hockley of Falmouth. Copyright Stephenie Hockridge, Trevemper Siding - seen very soon after lifting. As can be seen the line towards Truro which as been a steady climb from Trewerry and Trerice having levelled off for Shepherds station continues its climb towards Lanteague and Goonhavern. Track pilled high with a little left for lifting. Beyond the bridge the route heads to Newquay. 14 helpful votes. A lovely shot courtesy of the Goonhavern Old Cornwall Society as a class 45 tank pauses at the station. Copyright Roger Winnen, Perranporth Liskey Road Bridge near to Perranporth Beach Halt. Using at Google Earth and street view and looking towards where the other wall of this bridge would have been there is no trace. Follow the road until you meet a T junction. The former Newquay to Chacewater railway between Newquay and Perranporth is due for a new lease of life as a rail trail thanks to a Cornwall Council project to create four new walking and cycling routes under the name The Saints Trails. Copyright Peter Bragg. Picture by David Pearce Copyright, An undated photograph by an unknown photographer taken from a train, Newquay bound, entering Perranporth station. Copyright Laurence Hansford. The road on the right hand side goes to Mount Hawke with a cross roads serving the coastal route to Porthtowan to the right. The original plan was to link with Kamaishi Mine and Kamaishi Port, but at an altitude of 887m, the mountain pass at Sennintge prevented immediate expansion eastward to Kamaishi. Cross the road and walk forward until you reach the coastal path, turn left. Perranporth Subway 4th April 2005 Copyright Trevor Tremethick. Blackwater bridge from the village side. Cross the road and then bear right and follow the footpath, through a gate and alongside a stone wall, joining up with the South West Coastal path and dropping down into the town. In the yard lie the tools of destruction, the cranes etc. Long after to closure but prior to the picture above. This is a view from the north side of the viaduct, a clue to the position of the photographer is the road seen through the rightmost arch. a member, but follow your site avidly - thought the attached photos may be of interest! Looking back towards Cligga, the cliffs are a palette of green, red, grey and yellow, reflecting the complex mineralogy here. The west curve - the lines to the right of the signalbox which gave a direct connection to Redruth and Penzance were closed 5th May 1919. Eight men with the addition of the foreman, wearing his hat, are needed - quite who Harry Commons is in not known. The windowless signalbox still has its telephone pole but no wires. This picture was kindly provided by Derek Brooks, Recorder of the Goonhavern & District Old Cornwall Society. Copyright Jim Lewis, Tolcarn Junction from a Chacewater to Newquay train. This station was not ideally placed either for the town or the beach. On the way you will pass Bolingey, Cocks Viaduct and the old railway bridges. The West Briton Cutting for 19th August 2021. Disclaimer: the Alpacas might not be there! PERRANPORTH - valuable notes from Roy Hart. Leave the house, turn right and walk up the coombe, staying left and to the main road when the road forks. Cross the road and then bear right and follow the footpath, through a gate and alongside a stone wall, joining up with the South West Coastal path and dropping down into . Christmas day 1963 Copyright Keith Jenkin, A view looking towards Mount Hawke, taken on Christmas day 1963. Surprisingly, most of the funding will come from Highways England. The secret mine that hid the Nazis' stolen treasure. Here it is as seen on the 17th May 2014 Copyright Keith Jenkin, Treamble side of Rejarrah bridge 17th May 2014 Copyright Keith Jenkin, Treamble branch 100_3005 Structure No. 9 reviews. 26th July 2016 Copyright Dennis Berry N.B. An ex Devonport Dockyard shunter now occupies a space through the fence to the left. Neil Coates. 140807b Roger Winnen, A view no longer possible due to housing development. Another view of Blackwater North signalbox and also of the embankment leading up to the bridge over the old A30. The demolition is more advanced - the arch has gone as Keith Jenkin expains to a very young Kevin Jenkin what is going on. Photo by Colin Burges, Copyright. Download the app from the App Store or Google Play (search for "iwalk cornwall") then either use it to scan the code on the left or search for the name of the walk in "walks shop" section of the app to buy the walk. . Connecting the route with Trenance car park will mean Trail users can park at the site and then cycle or walk towards Perranporth or follow the cycle and walking routes into Newquay town centre. The Alpacas are on the left. At the bend, take the waymarked track ahead for the coast path and turn right along the cliff-tops back to Perranporth. Copyright Sid Sponheimer. It is believed that the pagoda was buried under the infill. Markings on Perranwell Viaduct. This is on the back of the above picture. It stayed open during the summer after the lines closure as a luggage in advance depot. The path continues away from this dereliction above an ever-more-spectacular system of cliffs, sea-stacks and inaccessible coves. St Agnes station. The route was due to be completed by March 2021, but obviously this date will be missed by several months due to the pandemic. You can unsubscribe at any time. Perranporth Railway Walk. Copyright Mike Roach, Wheal Liberty Viaduct repairs . The route meanders through the village via the pub and church then descends Metha Road to the Lappa Valley. 4th February 2017. two and three quarter miles to Chacewater but never again will passengers use this platform for Mount Hawke, Chacewater or Truro. Picture taken in the old Swindon Museum 29th October 1977, Another interesting Cornwall Minerals Railway token from a display case at the old Swindon Railway Museum. Outline details and a high quality map can be found at . Search for properties. Click or tap on map for more info (blue=laminated). This 'gem' from John Thorn. 23rd August 1964. . 6th September 2015. The main road bends right but to straight on following the minor road to Mount. Follow the road until you can turn right at the end of the airfield. We finish this section with 5500 waiting to head away from Newquay with a train bound for Chacewater and Truro. Copyright Roger Winnen. A facebook picture. St Agnes station - a view taken on Christmas Day 1963. A circular walk from St Newlyn East through the woods of the Lappa Valley where the Steam Railway now encompasses what was one of the most famous mines in Cornwall during Victorian times and the riverbeds are still stained red. The late Charles Fennamore at work in Truro Signalbox - dated approx 2000. Once a walk is downloaded, the app doesn't need wifi or a phone signal during the walk. It has a population of 3,066, and is the largest settlement in the civil parish of Perranzabuloe. 4th February 1973 Copyright Roger Winnen, Perranporth Beach Halt, the South end of platform - the rest has gone to the Dell at Falmouth. The signalbox overlooks the sad scene. Each time there is a new direction to follow, the app will beep to remind you, and will warn you if you go off-route. bm0372 Shepherds Camping Coach Cornwall 7th August 1961 Copyright-Bernard Mills, Shepherds station and signal box taken from the Newquay bound platform 21st February 1964. Picture from Facebook, Another interesting view from the south east of the station at Perranporth. A delightful purchased post scene - copyright unknown. 4565 heads a train towards Chacewater. Remains of kissing gate and lamp from Perranporth Beach Halt. the next but one carries Bridge Road over the line. There's some nice views over the Cornish countryside to enjoy too.To extend your walking in the area you could pick up the Perranporth to St Agnes Walk. Send your story ideas to spotlight@bbc.co.uk. 3) St Agnes - a Newquay bound service arrives behind a class 55. Any old iron - a pile of old chairs. Copyright Keith Jenkin, A token from Lane Junction of the Cornwall Minerals Railway - this was the east most point of the later Tolcarne Triangle, This must have been used prior to the extension of the line beyond Shepherds to Peranporth. Copyright Laurence Hansford. The train will soon pass under the road bridge and through a sizeable cutting as it heads towards Perranporth. They really need a padlock and chain for security.

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